IP Address Subnetting

IP Address Subnetting Subnetting allows yout o create multiple logical networks that exists within a single class A, B, C. There are s... 05:55:00

IP Address Subnetting

Subnetting allows yout o create multiple logical networks that exists within a single class A, B, C.

There are so many reasons why we subnet:

a. It helps in the preservation of address space in other not to waste addresses.

b. It used for security.

c. It helps to control network traffic due to collisions of packets transmitted by other node 

(host) on the same segment.

Subnetting a Network Address

In order to subnet a network address, The  subnet mask has to be extended, using some of 

the bits from the host ID portion of the address to create a subnetwork ID. 

For example, given a Class C network of 192.17.5.0 which has a natural mask of 

255.255.255.0, you can create subnets in this manner:

192.17.5.0 - 11000000.00010001.00000101.00000000

255.255.255.224 - 11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000

                                                                                 

By extending the mask to be 255.255.255.224, you have borrowed three bits (indicated by 

"sub") from the original host portion of the address and used them to create subnets. With 

these three bits, it is possible to create eight subnets. With the remaining five host ID bits, 

each subnet can have up to 32 host, addresses, 30 of which can actually be assigned 

to a device on the same segment.These subnets have been created.

192.17.5.0 255.255.255.224 host address range 1 to 30

192.17.5.32 255.255.255.224 host address range 33 to 62

192.17.5.64 255.255.255.224 host address range 65 to 94

192.17.5.96 255.255.255.224 host address range 97 to 126

192.17.5.128 255.255.255.224 host address range 129 to 158

192.17.5.160 255.255.255.224 host address range 161 to 190

192.17.5.192 255.255.255.224 host address range 193 to 222

192.17.5.224 255.255.255.224 host address range 225 to 254

Another example:-

Given a class C network address of 192.168.1.0,  as a network administrator, you need to 

utilize this network address across multiple small groups within the organization. You can do 

this by subnetting this network with a subnet address.

All you have to do is , try to create 14 subnets of 14 nodes (hosts) each. This will limit us to 

196 nodes (hosts) on the network instead of 254 we would have without subnetting. To 

accomplished this we begin with the default network mask for class C

255.255.255.0 (11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000) binary

255.255.255.240 (11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000) binary

Remember the cram table:-

   1     1    1   1  1  1  1  1

  128 64  32 16  8  4  2  1 (128+64+32+16+8+4+2+1=255)

Look at this because you will always come across it during subnetting

128+64 =192

128+64+32 =224

128+64+32+16=240

128+64+32+16+8=248

128+64+32+16+8+4=252 an so on!

So to give us 16 possible network numbers, 2 of which cannot be used:-

192.168.1.0 (Reserved)

Network address     hosts address,       broadcast address

192.168.1.16             192.168.1.17 – 30    192.168.1.31

192.168.1.32             192.168.1.33 - 46     192.168.1.47

192.168.1.48             192.168.1.49 – 62    192.168.1.63

192.168.1.64             192.168.1.65 – 78    192.168.179

192.168.1.80 (keep adding 16 till you get to 224)

That will give you up to 14 networks shared among 14 hosts (nodes).